Foodomics and Society | Module 3: Data-Driven Solutions for Human and Planetary Health-Handout

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The 2020 American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) offer comprehensive updates for adult, pediatric, neonatal resuscitation, resuscitation education science, and systems of care. Key highlights include:<br /><br />1. <strong>Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support (BLS and ACLS):</strong> <br />   - Enhanced algorithms for easier guidance.<br />   - Re-emphasis on early CPR by lay rescuers.<br />   - Early administration of epinephrine reaffirmed.<br />   - Real-time audiovisual feedback suggested to maintain CPR quality.<br />   - Measurement of arterial blood pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) recommended to improve CPR quality.<br />   - Intravenous (IV) access preferred over intraosseous (IO) for medication administration.<br />   - Post-resuscitation care focusing on oxygenation, blood pressure control, coronary evaluation, targeted temperature management, and neuroprognostication.<br />   - Debriefing for rescuers encouraged to support mental health.<br />   - Specific considerations for managing cardiac arrest in pregnancy.<br /><br />2. <strong>Pediatric Basic and Advanced Life Support (PBLS and PALS):</strong><br />   - Integration of PBLS and PALS recommendations.<br />   - Increased ventilation rate for pediatric resuscitation scenarios.<br />   - Suggested use of cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) for intubation.<br />   - Administration of epinephrine within 5 minutes of cardiac arrest initiation emphasized.<br />   - Continuous arterial blood pressure monitoring to assess CPR quality.<br />   - Comprehensive evaluation for seizures post-ROSC.<br />   - Need for physical, cognitive, and psychosocial support post-resuscitation.<br />   - Updated guidelines for managing septic and hemorrhagic shocks.<br />   - Opioid overdose management for both lay rescuers and trained responders.<br />   - Recommendations for managing children with myocarditis, congenital heart disease, and pulmonary hypertension.<br /><br />3. <strong>Neonatal Resuscitation:</strong><br />   - Emphasis on anticipation and preparation by providers.<br />   - Initial steps include skin-to-skin care for stable babies and maintaining normothermia.<br />   - Lung inflation and ventilation are prioritized.<br />   - Endotracheal suctioning for meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) revised.<br />   - Use of umbilical venous catheter for vascular access preferred, with intraosseous (IO) as an alternative.<br />   - Recommendations for temperature management, respiratory support, and medication administration.<br /><br />4. <strong>Resuscitation Education Science:</strong><br />   - Utilization of deliberate practice and mastery learning models suggested.<br />   - Booster training recommended to enhance skill retention.<br />   - Self-directed training and CPR education for school-age children endorsed.<br />   - In situ simulation-based training promoted for better outcomes.<br />   - Innovative approaches like virtual reality and gamified learning encouraged.<br />   - Inclusion of opioid overdose training for laypersons supported.<br />   - Addressing educational disparities to improve CPR outcomes emphasized.<br /><br />5. <strong>Systems of Care:</strong><br />   - Incorporation of mobile phone technology to alert lay rescuers proposed.<br />   - Importance of data registries for tracking and improving care outcomes highlighted.<br />   - Structured debriefing protocols and system-wide feedback deemed critical for improvement.<br /><br />These guidelines underscore the importance of continuous improvement in resuscitation practices through updated training, effective technology use, and comprehensive care systems.
Keywords
AHA Guidelines 2020
CPR
Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Adult Life Support
Pediatric Resuscitation
Neonatal Resuscitation
Resuscitation Education
Systems of Care
CPR Quality
Post-resuscitation Care